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The Role of Iron in the Human Body

Max Müller

Max Müller

2026-03-18
4 min. read
The Role of Iron in the Human Body
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Iron constitutes an extremely important micronutrient in human diet. Its properties have been studied for a long time and utilized in medicine and sports. Unfortunately, our body is incapable of producing iron, meaning we need to supply it with food daily. Deficiency of this nutrient is often caused by an inadequate diet. Iron plays a critical role in preventing anemia. Furthermore, adequate iron levels in pregnant women reduce the risk of fetal damage.

Die Bedeutung von Eisen im Körper

Eisen wird vom Körper in Form von löslichen hemalen oder nicht hemalen Verbindungen zusammen mit der Nahrung aufgenommen und nach der entsprechenden Verarbeitung im Dünndarm absorbiert, allerdings generiert die Form, in der es vorhanden ist (zweiwertige und dreiwertige Ionen), freie Radikale in den Zellen, weshalb ein Mechanismus erforderlich ist, der die Bindung von Eisen und seine Speicherung in nicht toxischer, löslicher Form ermöglicht. Im Blut bindet Eisen an das Transferrin-Protein, das es in das Knochenmark, die Milz und die Leber transportiert, wo die größten Vorräte dieses Elements gespeichert werden. Bei Blutverlust werden diese Eisenreserven zur Herstellung von Hämoglobin verwendet. Im Körper eines gesunden Erwachsenen befinden sich etwa 3-4 g Eisen. Die Funktionen von Eisen umfassen: - die Teilnahme an der Bildung roter Blutkörperchen im Knochenmark; - das Vorhandensein in Hämoglobin (ca. 70% Eisen) - einem Protein und einem Blutfarbstoff, der die Aufnahme von Sauerstoff in der Lunge und die Abgabe an die Gewebe ermöglicht; - den Einfluss auf den Cholesterinstoffwechsel; - die Unterstützung des Entgiftungsprozesses schädlicher Substanzen in der Leber; - die Unterstützung des Immunsystems bei der Bekämpfung von Bakterien und Viren; - die Teilnahme an der Informationsverarbeitung im Nervensystem. Eisen ist notwendig für die Aufrechterhaltung normaler physischer und intellektueller Funktionen. Darüber hinaus hat es antioxidative Eigenschaften und unterstützt den Kampf gegen freie Radikale, die für vorzeitige Hautalterung verantwortlich sind

Folgen des Mangels

Eisenmangel wird durch eine verringerte Absorption des Mineralstoffs aus der Nahrung oder durch Störungen des Absorptionsprozesses verursacht. Kaffee reduziert die Absorption von Eisen um 40%, Tee um 60% und Rotwein um 75%. Vitamin C unterstützt die Eisenabsorption, indem es die Absorption verdoppelt oder verdreifacht. Eisen wird aus Fleisch sehr gut absorbiert, aber es gibt Nahrungskomponenten, die die Absorption beeinträchtigen. Eine übermäßige Zufuhr von Kasein in der Ernährung, d. h. Milchprodukten, ist ebenfalls nicht empfehlenswert. Eisenmangel kann bei starker Menstruation, d. h. bei Blutverlust, auftreten, wenn es nicht in ausreichender Menge mit der Nahrung aufgenommen wird oder Absorptionsprobleme bestehen. Die Folgen von Eisenmangel sind unter anderem: verringerte Bildung von Erythrozyten, was zu Anämie führt; verringerte Bildung von Leukozyten und verminderte Immunität; Störungen des Elektronentransports bei Gewebeatmung; verminderte Leistungsfähigkeit; Störungen der Thermoregulation und Hypothermie; verminderter Metabolismus aufgrund verringerter Schilddrüsenhormonspiegel. Symptome, die auf Eisenmangel hinweisen können, sind unter anderem: Müdigkeit, Apathie, Blutergüsse und Nasenbluten, erhöhte Infektionsanfälligkeit und Erkältungen, schlechte Laune, brüchige Nägel, Haarausfall, Herzrhythmusstörungen, verminderte Konzentration und geistige Leistungsfähigkeit, blasse Haut, Geschwüre auf der Zunge und der Mundschleimhaut.

Eisenquellen in der Ernährung - alternative Ausdrucksweise

Eisen, das durch den Verzehr von Fleisch geliefert wird, wird leichter absorbiert und ist im Vergleich zu Eisen aus pflanzlicher Nahrung besser bioverfügbar. Es ist sinnvoll, Produkte wie mageres rotes Fleisch, Leber und Eigelb zu konsumieren. In kleineren Mengen ist Eisen in Milch und Milchprodukten, Fisch wie Sardinen, Reis, Obst und Gemüse zu finden. Es ist jedoch wichtig zu beachten, dass ein Überschuss an Casein, das in Milchprodukten vorkommt, die Aufnahme von Eisen erschwert. In einer veganen Ernährung ist es etwas schwieriger, den Bedarf an Eisen zu decken, aber es ist nicht unmöglich. Gute Eisenquellen in einer veganen Ernährung sind trockene Hülsenfrüchte, Kleie, Tofu, einige Samen und Nüsse, getrocknete Früchte.

Zusammenfassung

Eisen ist für den menschlichen Körper unerlässlich. Es muss sichergestellt werden, dass es in der Serumkonzentration und in der biologischen Verfügbarkeit ausreichend vorhanden ist. Eisenmangel kann zu schwerwiegenden Folgen wie Anämie führen und auch andere Symptome verursachen, die zu Problemen führen können. Eisen ist auch für körperlich aktive Menschen von entscheidender Bedeutung, da es die Unterversorgung der Muskulatur mit Sauerstoff verhindert und die Regeneration fördert.
Max Müller

Max Müller

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