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Simple and Complex Carbohydrates

Kacper Nowak

Kacper Nowak

2026-03-17
3 min. read
Simple and Complex Carbohydrates
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Recently, there have been claims that carbohydrates are responsible for obesity. In reality, people often consume excessive amounts of refined sugar, eat cakes, cookies, and drink sweetened beverages. We all enjoy sweets, but associated with them are also cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. Is limiting carbohydrate consumption genuinely beneficial for our body? It is important to consider both sides of the question.

Podstawowe i skomplikowane węglowodany

Węglowodany są organiczne związki chemiczne złożone z atomów węgla, wodoru oraz tlenu. Można je sklasyfikować jako podstawowe lub skomplikowane węglowodany. W zależności od rodzaju, z którym mamy do czynienia, możemy określić wpływ danego węglowodanu na poziom glukozy we krwi po spożyciu. Korzystniejsze jest wybieranie skomplikowanych węglowodanów, ponieważ nie powodują one gwałtownego wzrostu poziomu insuliny. Coraz częściej preferowane są węglowodany o niskim indeksie glikemicznym, co oznacza, że jest uwalniana mniejsza ilość insuliny. Węglowodany również są głównym źródłem energii dla organizmu. Można je znaleźć w większości produktów spożywczych. Gdzie znaleźć pożyteczne węglowodany? Przede wszystkim w produktach pełnoziarnistych, mąkach o wysokim stopniu zmielenia, kaszach, ryżach brązowych, basmati, parboiled, dzikich, ziemniakach oraz batatach.

Znaczenie węglowodanów w procesach pokarmowych

Węglowodany są kluczowym składnikiem w życiu każdego organizmu, służąc jako podstawowe źródło energii i paliwo dla mózgu. Niemniej jednak, nadmierne spożywanie może prowadzić do otyłości oraz innych zaburzeń metabolicznych. Ponadto, węglowodany pełnią również funkcje magazynujące, transportujące i budulcowe. Regulują one również poziom wielu hormonów w naszym organizmie, w tym hormonu tarczycy T4, tyroksyny. W przypadku niskiego poziomu węglowodanów we krwi, koncentracja kwasów tłuszczowych wzrasta, co prowadzi do zmniejszonego wchłaniania T4 przez wątrobę. W dodatku niska podaż węglowodanów w diecie może prowadzić do zmniejszenia intensywności przemiany T4 w T3, co oznacza spowolnienie metabolizmu. Zwiększenie stężenia SHBG, globuliny wiążącej hormony płciowe, powoduje, że związany testosteron nie jest aktywny biologicznie, co uniemożliwia jego wykorzystanie do celów sylwetkowych. Kolejną funkcją węglowodanów jest pobudzanie produkcji IGF-1 w wątrobie, który daje sygnał do komórek naszego ciała z hormonu wzrostu. Długotrwały niedobór węglowodanów w diecie może prowadzić do zatrzymania spalania tkanki tłuszczowej. Węglowodany także pobudzają produkcję leptyny, hormonu sytości, ale także napędzającego nasz metabolizm.

Ograniczenie węglowodanów

Korzyści z ograniczenia węglowodanów dotyczą głównie sylwetki. Opiera się na tym założenie diety niskowęglowodanowej (low carb), którą przetestowałem na sobie. Z racji tego, że organizm niedobór węglowodanów musi uzupełniać z tkanki tłuszczowej, to w szybkim tempie zachodzi jej spalanie. Pod kątem sylwetkowym oznacza to szybką redukcję. Jeżeli jednak chodzi o podejście zdrowotne, to zdecydowanie lepszym wyjściem jest zachowanie węglowodanów na odpowiednim poziomie. Co oznacza odpowiedni poziom? Dla każdego człowieka jest on inny. Skoro obniżona podaż węglowodanów powoduje zmiany hormonalne, to na dłuższą metę nie jest wskazane ich "obcinanie". Moim zdaniem diety oparte na low carb są bardzo skuteczne, ale ich efekt jest trudny do utrzymania ze względu na brak umiejętności ludzi do powrotu do zbilansowanej diety. Dlatego dla amatorów lepszym wyjściem jest odpowiednia podaż węglowodanów.
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