Phytoestrogens, which occur naturally in plants, hold a significant role in human life. Their effects on health are complex and multidimensional, making them the subject of intensive research globally. Scientists are not only striving to identify potential health benefits, such as protection against certain chronic diseases or alleviation of menopausal symptoms, but also examining the risk that may stem from excessive or inadequate consumption of these compounds. To fully grasp how phytoestrogens can influence health, it is essential to meticulously investigate their types, sources, and modes of action within human physiology.
What are phytoestrogens?
Phytoestrogens constitute a group of naturally occurring compounds in plants that, due to their chemical structure and biological action, are similar to estrogen, or female sex hormones produced by living organisms, including humans. They can interact with the human body by connecting with estrogen receptors, which allows them to mimic natural estrogens or modify their action (M. C. Canivenc-Lavier, C. Bennetau-Pelissero 2023).
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