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Diet in renal disease – principles and consequences
Tim Klein
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Diets Premium Expert • 24.09.2026
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Scientifically reviewed by a clinical dietitian:
This article has been peer-reviewed for adherence to IŻŻ, WHO, and PTGiP clinical nutritional standards.
| Diets Premium Expert Tim Klein | min read 6 min | Scientifically reviewed by a clinical dietitian 24.09.2026 |
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Key Takeaways
The kidneys are a paired, muscular organ located in the abdominal cavity within the retroperitoneal space. Their primary function is to sustain hydroelectrolytic and acid-base homeostasis of intracellular and extracellular fluids, as well as proper blood composition. Additionally, the kidneys contribute to maintaining appropriate blood pressure, aid in the body's detoxification processes, regulate calcium and magnesium balance, produce the active form of vitamin D3, and synthesize erythropoietin, a hormone that promotes erythrocyte formation.
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A diet that supports kidney function
The renal function is based on the filtration of plumage blood flowing through the kidneys. The kidney filters up to 600 ml of blood per minute at the correct haematocrit value, which is an indicator of the morphotic elements in the circulating blood. The diet that supports kidney function should provide the optimal amount of sodium, potassium, phosphorus, protein and fluid for the proper functioning of the body. In case of renal impairment, the use of cooking salt should be limited to a minimum and protein should be minimised and attention should be paid to the amount of carbohydrates that protect muscle proteins from deep digestion.
Diet in stone
Kidney stones are one of the most commonly diagnosed diseases of the kidneys. It consists of removing stones from the components of kidney, urine, bladder, and urethra (100 litres of water per day or less). It can run without symptoms or cause acute pain in the kidney area, bleeding in the blood, boiling in the water, or salt water in the liver. It mainly involves the intake of more than two liters of urine per day, or in the form of a weakly processed urine.
Diet and kidney failure
The renal insufficiency diet is the basis of treatment. Protein should be supplied with a dietary ration of 0.50.6g per kg m. C. In undifferentiated patients, whereas in recommended patients, about 0.60.8g per day.
Diets for people on dialysis
Dialysis is a method of cleaning the blood of unnecessary, toxic products of metabolism (e.g. creatinine, urine). Dialyses are given to patients who have been qualified for a kidney transplant and are waiting for an organ. They are performed 34 times a week. The dialysis diet should be high in energy, as about 40% of the patients being dialysed are malnourished. The diet should provide about 200025 kcal, or 3540 kcal per kg m. of urine. The patient receives about 505 per cent of the energy.
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