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Abnormalities in acid-base balance – dietary recommendations

Tomasz Jankowski
Tomasz Jankowski ✓
Diets Premium Expert • 23.10.2026
✓
Scientifically reviewed by a clinical dietitian: This article has been peer-reviewed for adherence to IŻŻ, WHO, and PTGiP clinical nutritional standards.
Diets Premium Expert Tomasz Jankowski min read 5 min Scientifically reviewed by a clinical dietitian 23.10.2026
Abnormalities in acid-base balance – dietary recommendations

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Key Takeaways

Acid-base homeostasis is a fundamental regulatory mechanism of the human body, vital for preserving optimal enzymatic kinetics and cellular functions. Modern dietary patterns, dominated by ultra-processed foods, refined grains, and excessive animal proteins, place substantial demands on physiological buffering systems within the blood, kidneys, and lungs. This comprehensive article explores the science of metabolic acid load, explains the Potential Renal Acid Load (PRAL) index, and delivers clinical nutrition strategies to support physiological balance.

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Säure-Basen-Haushalt des Körpers

Im Körper laufen fortwährend diverse Stoffwechselprozesse ab, deren korrekter Ablauf von einem stabilen Säure-Basen-Gleichgewicht im inneren Milieu abhängt. Das Blut, als zentraler Körperflüssigkeit, zeigt die höchste physikalisch-chemische Stabilität. Ein angemessener Blut-pH-Wert ermöglicht die ordnungsgemäße Durchführung biochemischer Prozesse. Dieses Gleichgewicht wird durch Puffersysteme wie den Bicarbonatpuffer, Hämoglobinpuffer, Phosphatpuffer und Proteinpuffer aufrechterhalten. Die Entgiftung des Körpers erfolgt hauptsächlich über Niere und Lunge, die überschüssiges Kohlendioxid aus dem Abbau von Proteinen, Kohlenhydraten und Fetten ausscheiden, während der Urin überschüssige Säuren und Basen eliminiert. Für den korrekten Ablauf dieser Prozesse ist die Stabilität der Wasserstoffionen (pH) entscheidend: extrazelluläre Flüssigkeit 7,35–7,45, Magensaft 1,5, Darminhalt 8,0, Urin 5,5–6,0.

Säure-Basen-Haushaltsstörung

Eine Störung des Säure-Basen-Haushalts umfasst zwei Zustände: Alkalose und Azidose. Alkalose tritt auf, wenn der Wasserstoffionen-Spiegel im Blut sinkt und der pH-Wert über 7,45 ansteigt. Man unterscheidet: metabolische Alkalose, verursacht durch Überschuss an Basen oder unzureichende Säureausscheidung, und respiratorische Alkalose, bedingt durch übermäßige CO2-Abgabe. Ursachen sind Erbrechen, Durchfall, übermäßiger Kohlenhydratkonsum, Infektionen, Dehydrierung, Diuretika oder Atemstörungen. Azidose ist ein Zustand, bei dem der pH-Wert des Blutes unter 7,35 fällt. Man unterscheidet: respiratorische Azidose, verursacht durch gestörte CO2-Abgabe, und metabolische Azidose, bedingt durch übermäßige Säureproduktion oder unzureichende Ausscheidung, wie z.B. Laktatazidose. Azidose ist häufiger und oft Folge eines ungesunden Lebensstils.

Säure-Basen-Gleichgewicht in der Ernährung

Der entscheidende Faktor für die Erhaltung der Gesundheit ist eine ausgewogene Ernährung. Lebensmittel enthalten verschiedene Stoffe, die das Säure-Basen-Gleichgewicht des Körpers beeinflussen, darunter Kalzium, Magnesium, Kalium und Natrium (mit basischer Wirkung) sowie Phosphor, Chlor und Schwefel (mit saurer Wirkung). Daher ist es essenziell, dem Körper ausreichend basische Produkte wie Milch und Milchprodukte, Obst, Gemüse, Hülsenfrüchte sowie saure Produkte wie Getreide, Fleisch, Geflügel, Fisch, gereiften Käse und Eier zuzuführen. Wichtig ist auch die Einhaltung des optimalen Verhältnisses von Kalzium zu Magnesium (2:1). Eine Störung dieses Gleichgewichts kann zu Osteoporose und anderen Erkrankungen führen.

Tags

#Acid-base Balance #Dietary Recommendations #Dietary Balance #Nutrition Recommendations #Balance
Tomasz Jankowski

Tomasz Jankowski

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Diets Premium team expert. Specializes in nutrition plans, strength sports, and training plans.

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