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Are any vitamins at all significant for pregnant women – which ones before and which ones during pregnancy?

Mia Hoffmann

Mia Hoffmann

2026-03-17
5 min. read
Are any vitamins at all significant for pregnant women – which ones before and which ones during pregnancy?
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An adequate preparation for pregnancy and a healthy lifestyle during pregnancy have a significant impact on the health of the future offspring. Even before conception, a woman's body requires about 3 months to prepare for the new role. During this time, it can accumulate reserves of desired vitamins and minerals, as well as rid itself of harmful substances [1]. On which vitamins is it worth focusing before and during pregnancy to ensure the health of both mother and child?

Kwasy foliowe przed zaplanowaną ciążą

Zgodnie z zaleceniami Polskiego Towarzystwa Ginekologicznego, kobiety planujące ciążę powinny przyjmować suplementy kwasów foliowych. Leki te należy rozpocząć stosowanie w formie doustnej co najmniej sześć tygodni przed zaplanowanym poczęciem. Zalecana dzienna dawka kwasów foliowych wynosi 0,4 mg. U kobiet przyjmujących właściwą dawkę kwasów foliowych ryzyko wystąpienia wad otwartych cewy nerwowej u dziecka zmniejsza się aż o 72%. Nie należy zapominać, że w pewnych sytuacjach dawka kwasów foliowych powinna być wyższa, na przykład u kobiet z niedokrwistością megaloblastyczną, które stosowały hormonalną antykoncepcję przed zaplanowaniem ciąży, przyjmujących leki przeciwpadaczkowe, palących papierosy, cierpiących na otyłość bądź posiadających mutację MTHFR, która prowadzi do hiperhomocysteinemii.

Dodatki pokarmowe w czasie ciąży

Przyjmowanie kwasu foliowego powinno być kontynuowane do zakończenia fazy organogenezy, czyli do 8-10 tygodnia ciąży. Suplementacja może pomóc w zapobieganiu niedoborom kwasu foliowego, które mogłyby prowadzić do wzrostu ryzyka defektów układu nerwowego, wad serca i niedoborów w układzie moczowym, a także większego ryzyka wystąpienia poronień i zakrzepicy. Wśród ciężarnych często pojawia się niedokrwistość niedoborowa. Obserwuje się również fizjologiczną niedokrwistość, która związana jest ze spadkiem hematokrytu. Jeżeli anemia wynika z niedoboru żelaza, stosuje się doustną suplementację. Zgodnie z zaleceniami minimalna dawka podczas ciąży wynosi 26-27 mg żelaza na dobę. Anemia spowodowana niedoborem żelaza wiąże się z obniżeniem tolerancji na wysiłek fizyczny, częstym uczuciem zmęczenia, a także większym ryzykiem przedwczesnego porodu.
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