Laut der Bewertung der American Gastroenterological Society können Verstopfung 16 Prozent der Erwachsenen betreffen, und sie kann sogar ein Drittel der Menschen über 60 Jahren betreffen, ebenso wie Kinder. Es ist von Bedeutung, die Methoden zu kennen, wie man selbst damit umgehen kann, und welche Anzeichen den Besuch bei einem Arzt erforderlich machen.
Constipation: Comprehensive Definition, Etiological Foundations, and Diagnostic Framework per Contemporary Guidelines
In excess of 90% of individuals experiencing constipation are diagnosed with the idiopathic variant, signifying that no identifiable organic cause underlies the condition. Among the disorders that may present with this type of constipation are irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional constipation. According to the prevailing diagnostic framework for functional gastrointestinal disorders—specifically, the Rome IV Criteria—functional constipation is recognized when at least two of the following symptoms persist for a minimum of three months:
1. Excessive straining during bowel movements, observed in over 25% of defecations.
2. Passage of lumpy or hard stools in more than one-quarter of bowel movements.
3. Persistent sensation of incomplete evacuation following defecation, occurring in over 25% of instances.
4. Perceived obstruction or blockage within the colon or rectum during more than 25% of defecations.
5. Manual maneuvers to facilitate defecation (e.g., digital evacuation or perineal pressure), required in over one-quarter of cases.
6. Infrequent spontaneous bowel movements, defined as fewer than three per week.
Functional constipation may coexist with either normal or delayed colonic transit. Under physiological conditions, stool transit through the colon typically ranges from 20 to 72 hours; however, in cases of impaired motility (such as reduced peristalsis), this duration can extend up to five days. Additional contributing factors may include dyssynergic defecation, characterized by improper coordination of the anal sphincter’s contraction and relaxation. It is noteworthy that episodic constipation represents a common and benign occurrence, often attributable to lifestyle changes (e.g., frequent travel), inadequate dietary fiber intake, physical inactivity, or hormonal fluctuations—particularly during pregnancy.
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