Indywidualne uwarunkowania genetyczne w diecie: rola genomiki i genetyki żywieniowej w terapii zaburzeń metabolicznych i odżywczych
Tim Klein
2026-03-18
3 min. czytania
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Dyscypliny naukowe, takie jak genomika żywieniowa oraz genetyka żywienia, stanowią odpowiedź na rosnące zapotrzebowanie na dogłębne zrozumienie interakcji pomiędzy składnikami pożywienia a unikatowym profilami genetycznymi poszczególnych jednostek. Coraz bardziej precyzyjne badania koncentrują się na identyfikowaniu indywidualnych reakcji organizmu na konkretne składniki odżywcze, co ma kluczowe znaczenie zarówno w profilaktyce, jak i w leczeniu szerokiego spektrum schorzeń o podłożu dietozależnym, metabolicznym oraz immunologicznym.
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Nutrigenomics studies the effects of dietary bioactive ingredients on gene expression and thus on health. The bioactive components of the diet are e.g. green tea (EGCG), turmeric (curcumin), red grapes (resveratrol) or soybeans (genistein). Many food ingredients have a major impact on genome function e. g. magnesium, zinc, and niacin are cofactors or substrates in enzymatic reactions that play a major role in the proper functioning of the body.
Nutrients and their derivatives
It is concerned with the analysis of the genetic differences that exist in individual individuals and affect their response to individual nutrients. Differences in the genome cause each person's body to react differently to the ingredients in the diet. Nutrients have the ability to influence the human genotype and can shape its phenotype (a set of characteristics of the organism that include morphology, physical properties, behaviour, life cycle, biological changes). The possibility of multiple genetic variants determines a different metabolic response to the bioactive components of the diet..
Nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics
Nutrigenomics analyzes the relationships between diet and genetic predispositions to diseases: cancer, metabolism, and the circulatory system. It defines certain mechanisms that affect how food and nutrition affect human health. Nutrigenometrics, on the other hand, deals with changes in genomes and diets in a different way. It also analyzes genetic differences that occur in individuals and affect their responses to individual food substances. Diet and the way we eat is of great importance because the body's diet expresses specific information about genes.
