Coffee and its impact on the liver, blood pressure, diabetes... Is coffee consumption harmful?

The history of coffee dates back to at least the X century. Its origin lies in Ethiopia. Over the years, this raw material has spread to numerous countries around the globe. It is a small tree or shrub from the family Marzanoceae. Useful in industry are the seeds, i.e. the grains, which after processing are suitable for the preparation of a beverage. The coffee beans must first be roasted at a temperature of 200 - 250°C. This process aims to give a characteristic flavor and aroma. Due to the presence of caffeine and serotonin, it is considered to be a stimulant. It stimulates the nervous system and the circulatory system. In addition, it shows a mild diuretic effect, increasing the production of bile and gastric juice. Some species of the plant are also used to prepare caffeine as a psychostimulant drug and to stimulate the brain. Furthermore, charcoal made from coffee, obtained by drying the beans, then roasting and grinding, appears to be effective in the treatment of acute diarrhea and mild inflammation of the oral mucosa. Coffee is a source of vitamin C, B1, B2, B6, and calcium.

The beneficial effects of coffee consumption on the development of liver diseases have been known for several years. Multiple studies have confirmed its effectiveness in treating viral hepatitis caused by the B or C virus, as well as in alcoholic and non-alcoholic diseases. Furthermore, its advantages have been proven in cases of liver cirrhosis and fibrosis. Analyses from 2015 showed that consuming more than 2 cups of coffee a day reduces the risk of the aforementioned diseases and liver cancer. This substance may also be useful in preventing chronic liver diseases. The hepatotropic properties of coffee were confirmed as early as 2010. Coffee also contains substances that induce the synthesis of glutathione, responsible for liver detoxification and protection against damage.

Although coffee is often associated with a negative impact on the circulatory system and blood pressure-increasing activity, the reality is quite different. In fact, according to research, this beverage decreases the risk of developing bloodstream and heart disorders. Furthermore, scientists have proven in numerous studies that an increased consumption of this substance does not have an impact on the more frequent occurrence of these disorders. The active substances present in coffee, such as chlorogenic acids, exhibit antioxidative properties and in this way lower blood pressure. Moreover, they increase the availability of endothelium in blood vessels and nitric oxide in arteries.

The health benefits associated with coffee consumption have been confirmed for the entire metabolic syndrome, especially for type II diabetes. It is worth noting that these benefits are associated with both caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee. Studies have shown that coffee increases the body's response to insulin secretion and also increases its sensitivity to this hormone. Additionally, the polyphenols present in coffee stimulate GLP-1, the main intestinal hormone responsible for glucose-induced production of this enzyme by β cells. It is important to emphasize that the development of type II diabetes is usually caused by impairment of the secretory functions of these cells, and prolonged activation of GLP-1 can alleviate the symptoms of the disease.

Unfortunately, as with most food products, moderation is required. Eight cups of coffee a day can be problematic for the body due to an excess of caffeine. A smaller amount is already safe, but for regular drinkers. When coffee is consumed occasionally, it's best to limit it to one or two cups per day. Too much of this beverage can lead to restlessness and dizziness, but it can also lead to a deterioration of mood. In addition, excessive consumption of coffee can lead to flushing of calcium and magnesium from the body, which can lead to irritation of the stomach lining and intestines, leading to indigestion. Importantly, pregnant and breastfeeding women should not consume coffee. There are also studies that indicate beneficial effects of coffee on health, but they are not unequivocal.