What is the purpose and method of calculation for the WHR indicator?

The WHR, or waist-to-hip ratio, assesses the distribution of adipose tissue in the body. It is particularly valuable for individuals with excess weight, helping distinguish between a gynoid (pear-shaped) and android (apple-shaped) body type. The gynoid type, more common in women, involves fat accumulation in the lower body, particularly the hips and thighs. While fat loss in these areas is challenging, this body type poses fewer health risks compared to the android type. The latter, prevalent in men and postmenopausal women, involves visceral fat deposition, increasing the likelihood of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. Regardless of body type, overweight individuals should aim for gradual weight reduction (0.5–1 kg per week). Adipose tissue serves not only as storage and insulation but also secretes bioactive substances that regulate insulin sensitivity and inflammatory responses.

To determine the WHR index, measurements of waist circumference and hips are necessary. Since this is a ratio of two values, the type of measurement is irrelevant. The measurement can be performed using an anthropometric tape or a measuring tape. The waist circumference is measured between the lower rib and the upper edge of the hip bone. The second measurement should be taken below the hip plates at the widest point. The two obtained values are divided by each other: waist by hips. Type of obesity: gynoid: women < 0.85, men < 1.0; android silhouette: women ≥ 0.85, men ≥ 1.0. The WHR is an index of fat distribution in the body, particularly useful in cases of overweight and obesity treatment. When interpreting the results, gender should be considered. Regardless of body type, measures should be taken to reduce excess body weight. The first step could be the introduction of healthy eating habits, based on a food pyramid, as well as regular and moderate physical activity.