The medical condition known as Osgood-Schlatter disease

The term refers to a non-septic inflammation of the tibial tuberosity. Osgood-Schlatter disease belongs to a wide range of conditions known as sterile bone necrosis. The ailment is most commonly diagnosed in young boys who are yet to complete their bone growth. The inflammation of the tibial tuberosity can be either asymmetrical (one-sided) or bilateral (encompassing both lower limbs). The duration of the disease is closely linked to the type of pathology the bone is grappling with, typically spanning from several months to multiple years. The classification distinguishes three primary forms of the disease: - type I - entails internal harm to the ossification nucleus while preserving the continuity of joint cartilage; - type II - pertains to internal harm to the ossification nucleus coinciding with a fracture of the cartilage beyond the ligament attachment area; - type III - internal harm to the ossification nucleus is accompanied by a fracture of the cartilage within the ligament attachment area.

The cause of aseptic inflammation of the tibial tuberosity is not fully understood. One of the most commonly assumed causes is an avulsion fracture of the tibial tuberosity. An avulsion fracture is defined as the destruction of the bone structure caused by overloading a specific part of the body. It is difficult to disagree with this theory when it turns out that the most affected individuals are young boys. However, the disease also affects other groups, including intensively training athletes in athletics and football, as well as ballet, gymnastics, basketball, figure skating, and volleyball. It is assumed that any discipline in which there is straightening in the knee joint of more than 40° can contribute to the development of Osgood-Schlatter disease. Other potential causes of tibial tuberosity inflammation include degenerative processes in the patellar ligament, infections, and injuries of the musculoskeletal system.

Osgood-Schlatter's disease is not very difficult to detect, but for an accurate diagnosis, it is advised to take an RTG picture confirming its presence. Why is it not difficult to diagnose? The clinical presentation of the disease is largely visible on the basis of a range of symptoms, including: – severe pain in the area of the tendon of the femur and the knee joint, intensifying during physical exertion such as running, jumping, long walks, but also during normal activities such as kneeling or stretching; – concerning tension in the thigh muscles, especially the quadriceps; – pain during pressure on the tendon; – swelling and redness in the area of the tendon; – increased temperature in the area where the disease is present.

The key components of the therapeutic method include limiting bodily movement and discontinuing regular workouts. Physical exertion and movements can lead to painful disorders, thereby worsening the health condition. Motion restriction can be achieved independently (i.e., by abstaining from physical activity) or with the use of orthopedic tools. These include strengthening bands, orthotics, or even gypsum casts. Physiotherapy is recommended for pain relief. This involves stretching the quadriceps muscle, which increases the stability of the affected knee joint. Additionally, the application of cold therapy, ultrasound, or iontophoresis may be beneficial. The latter method allows for the direct introduction of pain-relieving agents into the body using direct current.