Serotonergic imbalance disorders: from excess to deficiency. Evidence-based approaches for modulating serotonin levels through natural and pharmacological interventions
David Janitzek
2026-03-16
4 min. read
Serotonergic imbalance disorders: from excess to deficiency. Evidence-based approaches for modulating serotonin levels through natural and pharmacological interventions
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Since the groundbreaking investigations into serotonin conducted in the early 20th century, scientific research has methodically explored its pivotal role in the neurobiology of emotions and the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying affective disorders. This neurotransmitter—commonly referred to as the "well-being hormone" alongside dopamine—constitutes a cornerstone of the brain’s reward system, governing perceptions of contentment, pleasure, and elevated mood states. Chronic deficiency has been empirically linked to dysfunctions across the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and cognitive processes, as substantiated by extensive meta-analyses of clinical trials
Serotonin and its derivatives
Among the known receptors and neurotransmitters in our bodies, serotonin, also called 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), deserves special attention. This compound is formed by metabolic changes (hydroxylation, decarboxylation) of one of the essential exogenous amino acids tryptophan. Interestingly, only about 12% of the dietary intake of tryptophane is converted into serotonin.[3] 5-hydrocytriptamine is characterized by a versatile physiological activity, playing a significant role in the central nervous system regulation.[4] Many scientists describe it as an important regulatory factor in the circulation of neurons, where it is involved in the sensory and neurological processes of neurotransmission.[5]
Excess serotonin
Both a deficiency and an excess of the happiness hormone can have a negative effect on our body. Although excess serotonin itself is very rare and is usually caused by an overdose or overdosage of antidepressants (MAO inhibitors, SSRI inhibitors), causing a dangerous serotonin syndrome (headache, hallucinations, diarrhea, tachycardia).
It's a serotonin deficiency
Serotonin deficiency is often attributed not only to mood disorders but also to depression and anxiety. Given that 5-Hydroxytryptamine is a neurotransmitter that can reach all corners of the body, its deficiency can also lead to apathy, problems with concentration, severe sleep disturbances, and even appetite and depression [2].
How to raise your serotonin levels
Some nutrients, such as B vitamins, certain fatty acids, carbohydrates, and caffeine, have a beneficial effect on improving human mood. However, the aromatic amino acids can also be synthesized in the human body. They increase the synthesis of neuroproteins dopamine and serotonin, thus improving a person's mood.[1]. Chronic stress and improper diets often lead to a deficiency of the serotonin precursor tryptophan. Nevertheless, the amino acid is one of the most important compounds of the human mood, and for this reason it must be synthetised in the body. Therefore, it must also be supplied with full-fledged amino acid levels.