Potential hazards associated with the overuse of ultrasound diagnostics during pregnancy: a risk assessment of health consequences for the fetus and mother

Ultrasonography, commonly referred to as ultrasound scanning (USG), represents a non-invasive imaging modality that employs high-frequency sound waves to visualize internal anatomical structures. Within obstetric and gynecological practice, this technique plays a pivotal role in monitoring fetal development, assessing biometric parameters, and detecting potential abnormalities. In scenarios requiring more advanced analysis—such as evaluating placental blood flow or fetal cardiac activity—the specialized Doppler ultrasound method is utilized. This approach is distinguished by higher-energy wave emissions, which correspond to an elevated thermal potential, meaning a greater capacity to increase tissue temperature compared to conventional ultrasound examinations. This phenomenon raises valid concerns regarding safety, particularly with frequent or prolonged use of this diagnostic tool.