Is it possible to effectively build muscle mass on a vegetarian diet?

Consuming meat, fish, or animal products is not necessary for the process of muscle mass development to work properly. Of course, it is true that an adequate amount of protein is necessary, but many trainers recommend consuming up to 3 grams of this macronutrient per kilogram of body weight, which is an exaggerated value. R. W. Morton and others have shown that consuming protein above 1.6 grams per kilogram body weight does not affect the increase in muscle mass in a group of individuals who consume protein of 1.6 grams per kilogram body weight. For example, a man with a body weight of 80 kilograms should consume 128 grams of protein, which can be easily achieved on a vegan diet. The amount of protein in the diet is of course individual and may increase with increasing frequency of training. It is reasonable to determine the amount of macronutrients when planning the diet.

Protein is composed of 20 amino acids, 9 of which are exogenous amino acids that must be supplied with meals because the body is unable to produce them. Animal-based food contains a full complement of amino acids, whereas plant-based proteins usually contain fewer. However, if one adheres to a properly balanced vegan diet, comprising various types of plant foods, one can provide all the necessary amino acids required for the process of muscle mass development. For instance, beans are rich in lysine but have a low content of methionine, while many grains have a high content of methionine but less lysine. Similar relationships exist in various legumes, nuts, seeds, and grains, so combining suitable products is key to meeting the complete requirement of amino acids.

In a recent analysis from 2021, the impact of diet (vegan vs mixed) on changes in muscle mass and strength in strength trainers was investigated. In the experiment, 19 people following a mixed diet and 19 vegans participated. In the study, young, physically active but untrained individuals took part. Over a period of 12 weeks, both vegans and those following a mixed diet consumed 1.6 g of protein per kg of body weight and participated in two weekly training sessions focused on leg presses and leg extensions on machines. The training sessions focused on progress in terms of load and number of repetitions in order to provide a constant stimulus for muscle mass growth. After 12 weeks, no significant differences were found between vegans and those following a mixed diet (V. Hevia-Larraín et al., 2021). It is worth noting, however, that in the study, the training individuals only performed two training sessions per week for the lower body parts. For individuals with higher training frequency, the need for protein may be greater. A properly balanced vegan diet is the optimal way of nutrition for those who want to effectively build muscle mass and strength. The problem, however, may lie in the amount of food consumed, especially if mainly unprocessed food is used. In such situations, protein shakes can be helpful in making it easier to take in the required number of calories.

A plethora of plant-sourced commodities, such as tofu, fortified soy drink, preserve, Brazil nuts, pulses or poppy seeds, encompass copious quantities of calcium. An appropriately balanced nutritional regimen should not instigate a deficiency of this mineral.

Iron deficiency is one of the most common nutritional deficiencies. Since individuals who do not consume meat and fish exclude those products from their diet, there is a risk of iron deficiency. However, it is worth mentioning that iron in plant products is in non-hemic form, which means that it is less bioavailable than heme iron. Nevertheless, there are many publications indicating that a plant-based diet can provide sufficient iron. Therefore, it is important to ensure a balanced selection of foods and include seeds, nuts, large amounts of green vegetables, and soy products in the diet. To increase the bioavailability of iron, it is also important to include foods that contain vitamin C in the meal (Brzezicha-Cirocka et al. 2015).

– this is likely the most widespread myth about a diet based solely on plant products. A properly balanced plant-based diet that includes a variety of products provides the body with the appropriate amount of protein and a good amount of amino acids. Therefore, contrary to popular opinion, athletes who adhere to a diet based solely on plant products are able to effectively develop their strength and muscle mass.

A thoughtfully crafted vegetarian diet provides all the necessary micronutrients and macronutrients, enabling the body to function optimally. It is possible to supply an adequate amount of protein and amino acids by adhering to a meatless diet, yet it is advisable to consider a variety of products when preparing meals. Individuals who exercise regularly and follow a vegetarian diet can effectively build strength and muscle mass. Naturally, an appropriate training plan focused on achieving set goals should not be overlooked.