Glucose in urine – Reference ranges and deviations. Glucose in urine in pregnant women and children.

Sugar in the urine may affect glucose (glucose), fructose (fructose), galactose (galactose), lactose (lactose) and pentose (pentose), however, glucose is most commonly observed. In the normal urine of a healthy person, sugar is not present because glucose in the urinary tract is absorbed into the renal ducts, but as a result of physiological changes this process may be impaired. There are 3 types of glucose: mild: it is caused by a decrease in the prognosis of the kidneys and the hormonal responses to high blood glucose, and may result in a reduction in the effects of pathogenic and hormonal reactions.

Although healthy kidneys can produce a small amount of glucose in physiologically healthy women, its trace quantity below 100 mg/dl of sugar is not detected in the urine due to the limited sensitivity of laboratory test strips. The normal progenitor glucose value of the kidney is in the range of 150180 mg /dl [2]. In pregnant women, this value is lower (less than 150 mg / dl) and therefore pregnant women may have higher glucose levels.

Glucosuria can occur in pregnant women whose serum glucose levels are normal. This is due to increased glucose transfer in the proximal tubes as a result of increased GFR (lumbar filtration index). The presence of a small amount of glucose in the urine during pregnancy is caused by the fact that the kidneys have a lower ability to filter glucose from the bladder at this time and is a fully physiological phenomenon. It is estimated to occur in 5 15% of pregnant women.

One of the most common causes of diabetes in children is the onset of diabetes. About 6% of children with asymptomatic glucosuria develop type 1 diabetes in the future. Glucosuria in children, as in adults, may also result from impaired renal function, in which case an elevated serum glucose level is not observed [5]. Other causes of glucose in children are the progenitor of stress: infections, inflammation, dehydration, hypothermia, surgery, hyperhidrosis of the kidneys due to fasting and medication (penicillin, prophylaxis, nitrosis, asphyxiation).