Alpha-lipoic acid – biochemical characteristics, physiological significance, and natural sources
Olivia Davis
2026-03-21
3 min. read
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Early scientific investigations categorized alpha-lipoic acid as a vitamin-like compound essential for the proper functioning of lipid and protein metabolism within the human body. Today, this saturated eight-carbon fatty acid is primarily recognized as a coenzyme involved in the oxidative reactions of fatty acids, as well as a highly effective antioxidant that neutralizes free radicals in mitochondria—the cellular "power plants"—thereby protecting tissues from degradation caused by chronic oxidative stress. Notably, the human body possesses the capacity for endogenous biosynthesis of this valuable compound, which further emphasizes its fundamental importance in maintaining metabolic homeostasis and preventing diet-related disorders, commonly referred to as diseases of affluence or lifestyle diseases.
Lipoic acid
Lipoic acid is an eight-carbon fatty acid with saturated bonds. The seventh and eighth carbon atoms are combined with sulfur atoms to form a diethyl ring. This ring can break down to form at that time as valuable as LA, DHLA (dihydrolipic acid).
Lipoic acid properties
Protecting cells, and in particular organelles called mitochondria, which are responsible for energy metabolism in the cell, before the action of reactive forms of oxygen (free roots, RFTs). Promoting the recovery and regeneration of intracellular antioxidants such as C and E. Chelating elements that occur at higher levels of oxidation and not related to protein can induce oxidative stress.
Lipoic acid use
Lipoic acid has a wide range of uses in the treatment of many chronic and dietary diseases. The use of lipoic acid in specific disease units is correlated with the characteristic properties of LA and DHLA. Immunomodulatory properties Treatment of asthma and multiple sclerosis, diseases characterized by overreactivity of the immune system. Hypoglycaemic and antioxidant properties
Lipoic acid is the source
Lipoic acid is synthesized de novo in animal organisms including humans. Biosynthesis also occurs in plant and bacterial organisms (the best known pathways of formation are in E. coli bacteria). The absorption of lipoic acids is high and is approximately 60 80%.. Plant sources: broccoli, spinach Animal sources: legumes, yeast, endogenous synthesis of caprylan and amino acid cysteine (severe source)