Air pollution at home – the most efficient filters for use

Modern homes serve not only as shelters but also as potential health hazards. Poor indoor air quality results from the presence of harmful substances such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, formaldehyde, asbestos, heavy metals, and tobacco smoke. These contaminants originate from both everyday products and the external environment, which is influenced by our lifestyle. Recently, there has been an increase in diseases associated with unfavorable living conditions, known as Building Related Illnesses, including heatstroke and carbon monoxide poisoning. Tobacco smoke, known to elevate cancer risk, poses an additional threat. Improving indoor air quality can be achieved through the use of appropriate air purification devices.

Depending on specific requirements, a variety of air filtration devices are available, including specialized solutions for allergy sufferers that effectively remove pollen and other allergens, as well as advanced antibacterial and antiviral systems designed for medical facilities.

For allergy sufferers, a high-performance HEPA air purifier is highly recommended, as it captures and disperses tiny particles with a diameter of at least 0.3 microns. This means it effectively removes dust, mold, bacteria, and mites from the air. However, it is important to note that HEPA filters are not effective in trapping viruses, as they are smaller than 0.3 microns. Additionally, using a HEPA filter carries the risk of multiplying captured bacteria. Unlike activated carbon filters, HEPA filters are also ineffective in eliminating unpleasant odors.

Activated carbon exhibits exceptional adsorption capabilities and possesses the ability to capture specific chemical compounds through surface-mediated reactions.

An ionic filter provides equally effective protection against allergens (as well as bacteria, viruses, and tobacco smoke). Its operating principle relies on the attraction of negatively charged ions to positively charged ions, namely anions and cations. The filter releases streams of anions that bind to dust particles and allergens (cations), causing them to settle on the ground. However, due to the production of ozone—a toxic gas—this device is not particularly recommended.

An ultraviolet disinfection filter is commonly used in medical facilities and kitchens, leveraging UV radiation to destroy the genetic material of microorganisms. This effectively eliminates bacteria and viruses, making it particularly beneficial for individuals prone to infections. However, it does not remove allergens such as dust, meaning it may not meet the needs of allergy sufferers. Depending on requirements, one can select a model that additionally neutralizes allergens, dust, and unpleasant odors.