Genetische Prädisposition in der Ernährung: Die Bedeutung der Nahrungsmittelgenomik und Ernährungsgenetik für die Therapie von Stoffwechsel- und ernährungsbedingten Störungen
Tim Klein
2026-03-18
3 Min. Lesezeit
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Wissenschaftliche Disziplinen wie die Nahrungsmittelgenomik und die Ernährungsgenetik adressieren die steigende Nachfrage nach einem vertieften Verständnis der Wechselwirkungen zwischen Nahrungsbestandteilen und den einzigartigen genetischen Profilen einzelner Individuen. Immer präzisere Untersuchungen konzentrieren sich auf die Identifizierung individueller Reaktionen des Organismus auf spezifische Nährstoffe, was sowohl für die Prävention als auch für die Behandlung eines breiten Spektrums ernährungs-, stoffwechsel- und immunologisch bedingter Erkrankungen von zentraler Bedeutung ist.
Manufacture from materials of any heading, except that of iron or non-alloy steel
Nutrigenomics studies the effects of dietary bioactive ingredients on gene expression and thus on health. The bioactive components of the diet are e.g. green tea (EGCG), turmeric (curcumin), red grapes (resveratrol) or soybeans (genistein). Many food ingredients have a major impact on genome function e. g. magnesium, zinc, and niacin are cofactors or substrates in enzymatic reactions that play a major role in the proper functioning of the body.
Nutrients and their derivatives
It is concerned with the analysis of the genetic differences that exist in individual individuals and affect their response to individual nutrients. Differences in the genome cause each person's body to react differently to the ingredients in the diet. Nutrients have the ability to influence the human genotype and can shape its phenotype (a set of characteristics of the organism that include morphology, physical properties, behaviour, life cycle, biological changes). The possibility of multiple genetic variants determines a different metabolic response to the bioactive components of the diet..
Nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics
Nutrigenomics analyzes the relationships between diet and genetic predispositions to diseases: cancer, metabolism, and the circulatory system. It defines certain mechanisms that affect how food and nutrition affect human health. Nutrigenometrics, on the other hand, deals with changes in genomes and diets in a different way. It also analyzes genetic differences that occur in individuals and affect their responses to individual food substances. Diet and the way we eat is of great importance because the body's diet expresses specific information about genes.