Pregnancy manifestations and diet – nausea, constipation, acid reflux, swelling

1. Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy

2. Preventing constipation during pregnancy

3. The sensation of burning known as Zgaga

4. The swelling

1. Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy

Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP) are among the most common complaints experienced by pregnant women. They can affect up to 70-80% of expectant mothers (M. Bustos, R. Venkataramanan, S. Caritis 2017). They usually occur in the first trimester of pregnancy but can sometimes last longer. They generally disappear by the 22nd week of pregnancy, but in about 10% of women, they may persist until the end of pregnancy. The popular term 'morning sickness' does not fully reflect the actual condition, as many pregnant women experience these symptoms throughout the day. They are probably caused by a high level of the pregnancy hormone gonadotropin. Nausea and vomiting usually do not pose a threat to the mother and child and are often considered a normal part of pregnancy. However, they can significantly reduce the quality of life and well-being. Interestingly, it has been shown that a mild course of NVP is associated with benefits for the fetus - a reduction in the risk of low birth weight, preterm birth, and miscarriage (M. Bustos, R. Venkataramanan, S. Caritis 2017). However, in some women, a severe form of NVP, called hyperemesis gravidarum (HG), may develop, leading to dehydration, weight loss, and electrolyte imbalances. In this case, hospitalization may occasionally be required.

2. Preventing constipation during pregnancy

Constipation during pregnancy can be unpleasant, but there are many ways to prevent it. It is usually caused by hormonal changes and a constantly enlarging uterus compressing the ovaries. A lack of physical activity or low fluid intake can also contribute to the problem. To prevent constipation, drink plenty of fluids, increase the amount of fiber in your diet, and stay physically active if your health allows. If these methods do not help, your doctor may recommend safe medications for pregnant women, such as those based on lactulose or sorbitol.

3. The sensation of burning known as Zgaga

Zgaga is a symptom of burning and burning in the throat, esophagus and breast cavity, often observed in pregnancy (especially in the third trimester) and disappears completely after giving birth. It is caused by gastroesophageal reflux, which is the withdrawal of the food content to the esophagus. During pregnancy, it is associated with the action of hormones – progesterone and estrogens relax and lower the pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter, and the growing uterus presses on the stomach, which promotes the expulsion of its contents. To prevent this unpleasant condition, it is recommended to eat smaller portions, but more often. The last meal should be eaten 2-3 hours before bedtime, so that the symptoms do not appear at night. Some products such as coffee, tea, carbonated drinks, spicy spices, citrus fruits and juices, tomatoes, mint, chocolate and fatty meals can intensify Zgaga, so it is advisable to exclude them from the menu for some time.

4. The swelling

Swelling occurs more frequently in the second half of pregnancy and is associated with excessive accumulation of water in the body. It mainly affects the lower extremities (feet, ankles or pelvis) and the hands, and may be accompanied by nausea, cramping or feeling heavy. These diseases result from increased blood circulation and obstructed drainage from the venous and lymphatic vessels. Swelling may be greater on hot days or if a woman also spends a lot of time sitting down. A very important part of preventing menstrual cramps is proper rest.