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Mediterranean nutritional pattern as a source of well-being
Table of Contents
1. Fundamental principles of the Mediterranean dietary pattern
It is to be noted that the Mediterranean dietary pattern is not a typical weight-loss diet. It has no set duration, specific phases, and does not guarantee a slim figure in 6 weeks. It is the dietary type of people living in Italy, Greece, Spain, Morocco, Portugal, Croatia, and Cyprus. Although France is not officially part of this group, the impact of the Mediterranean dietary pattern can be observed in certain regions. The individual countries differ significantly in terms of dishes and the proportions of foods used. Therefore, there is no single standard Mediterranean dietary pattern. Typical features of this dietary style include: – high intake of olive oil, vegetables, fruits, whole grain products, potatoes, legumes, and nuts, – moderate consumption of fish and poultry, – infrequent alcohol intake in the form of red wine.2. Health benefits
The popularity of the Mediterranean diet is primarily due to the efforts of Dr. Ancel Keys, who gained international fame in the scientific world for his discovery of a link between high saturated fat intake and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Keys discovered that the communities living in the Mediterranean region, despite their high fat intake, enjoy excellent health and low mortality rates. It is now known that adhering to the Mediterranean diet's recommendations leads to improved lipid profile and provides antioxidants and vitamins. Additionally, this diet offers protection against heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes. However, a slow deterioration in the health of the Mediterranean countries has been observed since the 1960s, which is associated with the popularization of Western-style dietary habits.3. Fruits and vegetables
Almost every diet aimed at improving health recommends regular consumption of fruits and vegetables. The Mediterranean diet is no exception to this rule. In Greece, for example, it is customary to consume an average of 9 servings of vegetables and fruits that are rich in antioxidants. In these regions, it is also common to consume cereal products, which should be whole grains and minimally processed. Traditionally, meat is eaten separately or baked in olive oil. It should not be spread with butter or margarine, which contain saturated fatty acids and trans fats.4. Healthy fat sources in the Mediterranean diet
Despite the aim of transitioning to the Mediterranean diet being to improve health, this does not entail the elimination or even reduction of fat in the diet. In fact, fats are present in considerable quantities, but they are selected from suitable sources. The primary source of fat is olive oil, which provides a substantial proportion of monounsaturated fatty acids, which enhance the cholesterol profile and lessen the risk of atherosclerosis. Other fat sources include fatty fish such as mackerel, tuna, and salmon, all of which are rich in omega-3-based polyunsaturated fatty acids. Their consumption is key as they are essential components that the body is unable to produce independently. Nuts can also be consumed as a snack, but moderation is advised as they are calorie-dense and can lead to an accumulation of fat tissue.5. Products one should stay away from
When choosing the Mediterranean diet, it is advised to steer clear of certain products and ingredients: sugar (soft drinks, ice cream, etc.), processed meat products (sausages and hams), food items of inferior quality (white bread, white macaroni) and trans fats (margarines, chips, fries).
