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Low-protein diet - principles, advantages, who should adhere to it
Table of Contents
1. Which individuals ought to comply with a low-protein diet
A low-protein diet is particularly suitable for individuals grappling with specific ailments that require a curtailment of protein intake within their regular dietary regimen.2. People with chronic kidney disease
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) features a progressive deterioration in kidney function. Restricting protein access assists in diminishing the strain on this organ and decelerates the advancement of the disease. A low-protein diet can also contribute to managing blood phosphorus and potassium levels, which is of utmost significance for those affected by CKD (T. Naber, S. Purohit 2021).3. People experiencing liver failure
People facing liver failure, particularly those in the advanced stages of the condition, may benefit from a low-protein diet. Reducing protein intake aids in decreasing ammonia production, which can prevent the occurrence of hepatic encephalopathy – a severe complication that may arise in the course of liver failure (V. K. Br, S. K. Sarin 2023).4. Individuals with phenylketonuria
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetically determined metabolic disorder in which the body cannot properly metabolize the amino acid known as phenylalanine. People with PKU must limit their protein intake to prevent excessive accumulation of phenylalanine in the blood, as it can lead to serious brain damage (F. J. van Spronsen et al. 2021). In addition to the mentioned conditions, a low-protein diet is also used in the treatment of other rare metabolic disorders such as homocystinuria or tyrosinemia, as well as in dialysis patients and those with certain pancreatic disorders.5. The principles of a low-protein diet
A low-protein diet is a particular dietary regimen that necessitates adherence to several essential principles. The primary principle of this diet is to limit protein intake to quantities that are well tolerated by the patient. It is assumed that the protein intake in the diet should be restricted to 0.61 g per kilogram of body weight, hence the percentage of protein on the daily menu is reduced to 5%10% of the energy value of the diet. However, the regulation of this macronutrient should be determined individually by the physician and the nutritionist to safeguard the majority of the ailing organs and to diminish the concentration of phosphorus-rich protein products that may have potential repercussions for the organism.6. An easy-to-digest diet with minimal protein
An easy-to-digest diet with minimal protein is the perfect solution for individuals who need to limit their protein intake and have digestive issues. It combines two key aspects: reducing protein consumption to relieve sick organs and food that doesn't cause digestive discomfort. In this diet, fried, fatty, and highly processed foods that can cause digestive problems are avoided. Instead, lighter cooking methods such as steaming, simmering, and baking are recommended. This allows for the preservation of nutritional value in foods while making them easier to digest. Regular consumption of small meals every 3-4 hours helps maintain a stable energy level and prevents overloading the digestive system. Digestive disturbances should be avoided by avoiding sharp spices and instead using mild herbs and spices. It is important to choose fresh, cooked vegetables and ripe, soft fruits that are easy to digest and rich in necessary nutrients. Grain products such as white rice, millet, and easily digestible bread provide necessary carbohydrates and energy without overloading the digestive system. It is also advisable to drink plenty of water and avoid carbonated and caffeinated drinks that can cause bloating and discomfort. By applying these principles of an easy-to-digest diet with minimal protein, digestive comfort can be significantly improved, the body's regeneration can be supported, and a general improvement in health can be achieved (H. Ciborowska, A. Rudnicka 2021).7. Side effects of a low-protein diet
A low-protein diet, which may have certain benefits for individuals with specific illnesses, may also result in undesirable effects. Limiting protein intake can lead to muscle loss and slowed tissue regeneration. Furthermore, it can result in deficiencies in B vitamins, calcium, and iron, which may manifest as fatigue, weakness, memory problems, bone loss, and an increased risk of osteoporosis or anemia. This diet can also impact metabolism. It can lead to a decrease in energy levels and disruptions in electrolyte balance, which can result in muscle cramps or heart rhythm disturbances. Increased carbohydrate consumption, particularly simple carbohydrates, can lead to constipation and fluctuations in blood sugar levels, which can lead to the development of type 2 diabetes in the long term. Individuals on a low-protein diet may also experience changes in appetite and mood, and long-term deficiencies can weaken the immune system and increase the risk of chronic diseases. To minimize these adverse effects, the diet should be carefully planned and monitored. Regular consultations with a dietitian and a physician are essential to meet all nutritional needs and effectively manage health.8. Practical advice on employing a low-protein diet
A low-protein diet requires careful planning and continuous monitoring to ensure it is effective and safe. Here are some useful tips that can help you use it. 1. Plan your meals in advance to avoid hasty food choices and avoid foods that may contain too much protein. Preparing meals for several days will help you maintain your diet. Make sure your meals are varied and balanced to provide you with all the necessary nutrients. 2. Replace protein-rich products with their low-protein alternatives. For example – instead of traditional bread or pasta choose special low-protein versions. You can also use plant-based dairy substitutes, such as coconut yogurt, coconut cheese, rice or almond drinks. 3. Experiment with various vegetables and fruits that are low in protein and rich in vitamins and minerals. 4. Avoid processed foods as much as possible, which often contain hidden protein sources and other components that can negatively affect your health. Try to cook at home, then you have full control over the ingredients used. 5. If you eat out, inform the restaurant staff about your dietary restrictions. Choose dishes that comply with the rules of a low-protein diet, and do not hesitate to ask for modifications in the dishes. 6. Use apps to keep a food diary, such as the Fabryka Siły app. They allow you to accurately record the food consumed and its nutritional values. They help in better diet management and monitoring the protein content in the diet. 7. Inform your family and friends about your dietary restrictions. Their support and understanding can help you stick to the diet, especially during joint meals or meetings. 8. Regularly perform laboratory tests to ensure you receive adequate nutrients. In case of any deficiencies, consult your doctor to choose the appropriate supplementation. 9. Maintain regular contact with a dietitian to monitor your progress and adjust the diet as needed. A dietitian can also help you create a diverse and balanced diet.
