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How the nutritional guidelines for the inhabitants of Poland have changed
Table of Contents
1. Daily intake standards
For individual nutrients, vitamins and minerals, the daily intake standards are established.2. EAR
Average requirement. Defines the level of nutrient consumption that is the average requirement for individuals in a specific age or gender category. Requirements at this level fulfill the needs of half of the individuals in that group.3. Recommended Daily Allowance
Recommended Daily Allowance - a level of intake that is expected to meet the needs of nearly all individuals in a particular group. RDA standards are developed by nutrition experts to ensure that people are getting enough nutrients. RDA is given as the amount of nutrients that an adult should consume daily. RDA is important because it ensures that people are getting enough nutrients to maintain health and prevent disease.4. Artificial Alimentation
adequate intake. It is utilized when it is not possible to determine the exact EAR or RDA standards. Attention should be paid to the standards. In the process of planning individual meals, the RDA should be followed. If RDA is not available, the AI standard is applied. However, if the evaluation pertains to the usual intake of an individual to estimate the likelihood of adequate consumption of specific nutrients, the EAR standard can be employed, but also RDA. In 2020, the RI standards for fats and carbohydrates were established, which means they were presented as a percentage of the consumption of other energy products. For instance, fat in the diet should constitute 20–35% of the energy intake. Norms regarding energy were developed on the EAR level. Protein and other nutrients were set on EAR, RDA, or AI levels. During the planning process of meals, the bioavailability of a specific nutrient must be considered, thus increasing the intake of a specific nutrient in relation to the norms from time to time. It is essential to carefully read the section on the evaluation and planning of intake based on norms, which is a summary of the practical use of nutritional standards.5. Energy requirements for pregnant women
Changes have been made regarding the norms for energy requirements for pregnant women. In 2017, experts recommended increasing the calorie intake in the diet only from the second trimester. In 2020, already from the first trimester, it is recommended to increase the energy intake in the food. Slightly - only by 85 kcal per day. In the second trimester, the recommended amount is slightly less than before. Comparison of the recommended increase in energy intake in the diet for pregnant women. In the case of breastfeeding women, the standards have not changed - the recommended daily energy intake should be 505 kcal.6. Cholesterol
The general stance regarding cholesterol intake in the diet remains unchanged – there are no detailed guidelines, but the average intake in Europe at a level of 300 mg per day appears to be safe. A healthy adult can safely consume up to 7 eggs per week (one egg contains approximately 200 mg of cholesterol). Additional information is available for the elderly – due to the high nutritional value of eggs and the ease of their intake, people with a normal blood cholesterol level can consume up to 2 eggs per day (according to the American Heart Association's egg statistics). In the Norms… from 2017, people with cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidemia, and diabetes were recommended to limit their egg intake to 2 per week. This was not specified in 2020, but caution is advised when consuming cholesterol and saturated fatty acids. Considering that the human body is capable of meeting the demand for this nutrient through internal production, the intake of cholesterol in food is not necessary.7. Dietary fibers in food
In the year 2020, dietary fiber fractions in food were characterized in terms of their water solubility, viscosity, fermentability, and primary sources, including hemicellulose, cellulose, pectins, hydrocolloids, inulin, fructans, resistant oligosaccharides, and resistant starch.8. Manufacture from materials of any category, except for:
In the year 2020, a slight increase in the recommended daily intake of folia for boys was observed. A comparison of the standards for folia in the group of boys aged 10-18 years.9. Sodium and chlorine
Unlike previous standards, the need for adequate intake of chlorine and sodium does not decrease after the age of 51. For all adult women and men, regardless of age, the standards for these elements are: sodium - 1500 mg/day, chlorine - 2300 mg/day. Previously, these values decreased after 51 years of age. Comparison of sodium and chlorine standards in the adult age group (from age 19).10. Reference consumption values for food labelling
In 2020, the key information about the currently applicable rules in the European Union for recording nutritional values on food labels was disclosed. The consensus values were developed for adults. One of the manufacturers' obligations under Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the provision of food information to consumers is to provide a percentage value that determines the extent to which a product in 100 g or 100 ml covers the reference values for the ingredients listed on the label. Similar to the energy and macronutrient values (energy, fat, protein, reference materials, including carbohydrates), in cases where less than 190 g g g/g/g is indicated, a percentage value should be provided. The following daily reference values have been established for adults: energy - 2000 kcal, fat - 70 g, saturated fatty acids - 20 g, carbohydrates - 260 g, sugar - 90 g, protein - 50 g, salt - 6 g. However, it is important to note that these are average values. For example, a man with a weight of 90 kg and a height of 190 cm will have a significantly higher daily energy requirement than 2000 kcal.11. Nutritional supplements
In 2020, information is also included about the latest resolutions of the Nutritional Supplements Team (Advisory Team of the Inspectorate-General for Health). They can be found in the Standards and Supplementation section. In 2019 and 2020, experts have formulated recommendations regarding the maximum amounts of vitamins and minerals that should be included in the daily dose of the nutritional supplement for adults recommended by the manufacturer.
