Search
Language
Test results in athletes which parameters may differ from the norm
Table of Contents
1. Basic laboratory tests performed on athletes
Regular monitoring of biochemical and haematological parameters is an important component of health prevention and assessment of the body's adaptation to physical activity.2. The following information is provided for in the Annex to Implementing Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council:
Assessment of general health is used to detect anemia, infection or an overload of the immune system.3. Electrolyte profile (Na, K, Mg, Ca)
control of water-electrolyte balance essential for the functioning of muscles and nervous system, especially in endurance sports.4. In the case of the manufacturer's name, the name and address of the product shall be indicated in the following table:
an enzyme indicating the degree of muscle micro-damages.5. Hepatological enzymes (ALT, AST)
Information on damage to the cells containing these enzymes, especially the liver. Creatine and urine Renal function and protein metabolism rates may change with excessive exercise or supplementation.6. Glucose levels < extra_id_0> The glucose levels of the glucose level < extra _id_2> The level of glucose
the assessment of the hydrocarbon economy relevant in the context of energy efficiency and food planning.7. Concentration of cortisol and thyroid hormones (TSH, FT3, FT4)
Monitoring of the hormonal response to exercise stress and potential metabolic disorders.8. Lipid profile (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and triglycerides)
Rodríguez-Sanz 2023).The regular conduct of these tests enables the early detection of overloads, deficiencies or abnormalities that may affect the health and effectiveness of training (D. monitoring of the cardiovascular system, especially at high body load.9. Parameters often deviating from the norm for athletes
In people who exercise regularly, multiple test results may go beyond laboratory benchmarks, but this does not indicate pathology, most commonly the body's physiological reactions to prolonged exercise, adaptive metabolic changes, or the effect of post-training regeneration.10. In the case of the manufacturer's name, the name and address of the product shall be indicated in the following table:
In physically active persons, especially in performance athletes, CK values may significantly exceed the reference standards, even several times, without clinical symptoms or indications of muscle pathology. However, it should be emphasized that after a longer period of recovery, this parameter usually returns to normal (C.D.F.C. Increased creatinine kinase (CK) is a typical phenomenon after intense or prolonged physical exercise. In such cases, this deviation should be considered as the body's physiological response to exercise, requiring interpretation in the context of the time of the test, the type of activity and the overall state of the athlete.11. Hepatological enzymes (ALT, AST)
Although ALT is an enzyme more specific to hepatocytes (liver cells), AST also occurs in other tissues, especially skeletal muscles. Therefore, the interpretation of results should take into account the training context, as well as accompanying parameters such as CK level, which can confirm the muscle origin of the observed changes (P. Elevated levels of liver enzymes such as AST (aminotransferase asparaginase) and ALT (alanintransferase) do not always indicate liver damage.12. This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union
In addition, people who exercise regularly, especially in conditions of chronic stress, often experience an increase in erythrocytes and increased production of erythropoietin.13. Electrolytes (sodium, potassium)
Knechtle et al., 2019). Atanasovska et al. 2014). During physical exertion, especially at high temperatures and with insufficient fluid replenishment, transient disorders of the electrolyte economy can occur. In turn, an increase in the concentration of certain ions (e.g. potassium) may result from intense muscle work and their periodic release into the bloodstream (T. Such reflections are usually transient in nature and resolve after rest and adequate modulation and replenishing of electolites.14. Beneficial physiological changes in athletes
The most commonly observed, desirable changes include: reduced blood pressure, lower resting heart rate, improved lipid profile (e.g. increase in HDL, decrease in LDL and triglycerides), better glycaemic control (lower fasting glucose levels, improved insulin sensitivity), ?? increased muscle mass and bone mineral density. Jr. Although some parameters in athletes deviate from benchmarks and may increase anxiety in physically inactive individuals, many of them are adaptable to regular physical exercise.15. Interpretation of the results of the studies in the context of the athlete's lifestyle
Therefore, a sound analysis should be based on close cooperation between the physician, the trainer and the athlete himself in order to allow for a proper distinction between physiological adaptations and pathological conditions and effective planning of further actions. The absence of such a context may lead to a misjudgement of results and unnecessary additional studies.16. Diagnosis of retraining in athletes on the basis of test results
Additionally, elevated levels of creatinine kinase (CK), CRP, or pro-inflammatory cytokines may indicate severe inflammation and muscle micro-damages. A deterioration in these parameters may precede biochemical changes and be a valuable warning signal (A. Overtraining is a disordered balance between training load and regeneration leading to decreased physical fitness and symptoms of early psycho-adaptation. A decrease in this ratio may indicate a decline in the control of processes and overloading, as well as the use of laboratory tests to evaluate and evaluate fatigue, which may lead to a reduction in the body's ability to exercise and early symptoms of psychological adaptation.
