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Pregnancy diabetes symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention
Table of Contents
1. Diabetes in pregnancy and diabetes in pregnancy
The distinction between these conditions is important because it affects treatment and follow-up care after childbirth (ADA 2024). In contrast, gestational diabetes means that a woman has had diabetes before becoming pregnant (type 1 or 2) or was diagnosed very early in pregnancy and persists even after it ends. Gestational diabetes is a carbohydrate disorder that first appears during pregnancy and usually goes away after delivery.2. The causes of gestational diabetes
As a result, the pancreas is unable to produce enough insulin to meet the body's increasing progenitor demand, leading to hyperglycaemia first in the mother and then in the fetus (A. The risk of developing gestational diabetes is increased by the following factors: body mass index (BMI) greater than 25 kg/m2 (or greater than 23 kg/ m2 in women of Asian origin), low physical activity, type 2 diabetes in closely related relatives, ¢ progressive insulin control in the early gestation of a child over 4000 years of pregnancy, ̇ the use of hormonal hormones in pregnant women after pregnancy leads to the rapid onset of blood sugar, glucose, or glucose in females (GPCH), and in the United States (U.S.A.C.E.E.) in the course of these studies, the effects of hormones such as hormonal changes in the body, or hormonal effects such as glucose and glucose (HPCH) in women are not detected, nor is there a need to monitor the effectiveness of these hormones.3. The most common symptoms and warning signs
The most common are: increased thirst, dry mouth, frequent urination, increased appetite, chronic fatigue and drowsiness, as well as recurrent urinary or vaginal tract infections and visual impairments. Pregnant diabetes usually runs without clear symptoms and is only detected during routine screening tests. These symptoms often overlap with typical pregnancy conditions, but should not be underestimated and should be reported to your doctor. Some women may experience symptoms that result from elevated blood glucose levels.4. The diagnosis of gestational diabetes
The oral glucose load test (OGTT) consists of a fasting blood test, followed by an hour and 2 hours after the injection of a solution containing 75 g of pure glucose. Results in or exceeding the above values in at least one measurement make it possible to diagnose diabetes mellitus. Wender-Ozers and Others 2017). Already at the beginning of the early gestational period, the progenitor' s pregnancy intensity should be determined at the start of the gestational gestational pregnancy.5. The causes of gestational diabetes
In the longer term, the risk of developing type 2 diabetes also increases. These children are also more at risk of obesity and metabolic disorders later in life (A. Erbaş 2024). Pregnant women are more likely to experience hypertension, preeclampsia, and the need to terminate a cesarean delivery. In a baby, gestational diabetes can lead to macrosomy (overweight at birth), neonatal hypoglycemia, hyperglycaemia, hyperbilirubinemia, respiratory disorder syndrome, hypocalcaemia and an increased risk of infertility.6. Monitoring of glucose levels in gestational diabetes
However, traditional self-controls have their limitations: they require frequent fingerprinting and only provide point-to-point information about glycemia, which makes it easy to overlook abnormal reactions to specific products or meals (American Diabetes Association 2025). A sensor placed under the skin measures glucose levels all the time, allowing for trends to be tracked and an immediate response to changes. Often, it is only after the sensor is loaded that it turns out that individual responses to individual foods are very individual and not always in line with predictions. Li, A.7. Treatment of gestational diabetes
In some cases, if a woman is unable or unwilling to use insulin, her doctor may suggest oral anti-diabetic medicines such as metformin. Another medicinal product, gliburide, is less commonly used due to the increased risk of complications in the newborn (ACOG 2018). Treatment of gestational diabetes is primarily based on life-style modification, i.e. proper diet and regular physical activity.8. Diet and gestational diabetes
In practice, effective dietary therapy is based on a number of key principles. When compiling a healthy food list, it is best to follow the Healthy Food Table's half the volume of this plate should be vegetables and fruits (which also includes 3/4 of the glycemic load of the food, and 1/4 of the high-processed food) and avoid excesses of simple carbohydrates and processed foods.9. Physical activity and lifestyle in gestational diabetes
The recommendations include at least 150 minutes of moderate activity per week, as long as there are no medical contraindications (E.D. Josefson, B.E. A woman has a real impact on the course and end of her pregnancy from the moment she is diagnosed. Early engagement and reliable education allow avoiding routine routines of surgical or induced childbirth.
