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Insulin resistance symptoms, causes and diagnosis
Table of Contents
1. Insulin and its role in the body
Insulin is a peptide hormone synthesized in beta cells in the Langerhans Islands of the pancreas. It is secreted into the bloodstream by an increase in glucose, free fatty acids, and amino acids in the blood. It stimulates the uptake of glucose from the blood and the synthesis of fatty acid and glycogen (a form of a glucose reserve) in the liver. Insulin acts as a typical hormone through cellular receptors that are found on most of the cells of the body.2. What is insulin resistance?
Insulin resistance is a condition that occurs when the tissues are less sensitive to insulin. Then the body tries to compensate for the excess glucose in the blood (hyperglycemia) by releasing more and more insulin (hiperinsulinemia), which disrupts the body's metabolic homeostasis.3. Insulin resistance is a patho-mechanism
There are three molecular mechanisms that lead to insulin resistance: Pre-receptor, however Glucose is caused by improper buildup of insulin molecules, production of anti-insulin antibodies, increased degradation of insulin, or action of insulin-resistant hormones (cortisol, glucagon, thyroid hormones), receptor, resulting primarily from a decrease in the number of receptors on the surface of insulin and/or changes in their structure, and post-reception, therefore, is also associated with a reduction in blood levels of glycosidic acid in the blood cells, and therefore increases the level of blood levels in the signalling cells, e.g. by the release of insulin to the body after the injection of fatty substances into the body.4. Insulin resistance Symptoms may occur
impaired glucose tolerance, increased lipid parameters (total cholesterol, triglycerides), elevated uric acid levels in the blood,5. Insulin resistance is the cause
Insulin resistance is caused by: metabolic syndrome, obesity (especially abdominal), hormonal disorders, e.g. polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), thyroid disease, liver disease, excess cortisol resulting from chronic stress, taking steroids or hormonal diseases, pregnancy, medicines, etc. Glucosamine, progesterone, anti-viral drugs, certain antibiotics, physical activity, alcohol use, and the burning of ammonium cortisol, non-operative stress in the body, or the development of hormones, such as glucose, glucose in the brain, insulin resistance in the stomach, and hormones.6. Insulin resistance and disease
In addition, insulin resistance affects the entire metabolism due to the multi-directional effects of insulin on the body. In addition to insulin-resistantness, insulin-progressive disorders in muscle cells and fat cells increase insulin response, making them less able to consume glucose, resulting in hyperglycaemia. Additionally, in liver cells the inhibitory action of insulin against glucogenogenesis is reduced, which increases glucose metabolism.7. Insulin resistance is the diagnosis
On the basis of these two parameters, the following indicators can be calculated: HOMA (HOMA-IR, ang. homeostatic model assessment) is calculated according to the formula: fasting insulin concentration (mU/ml) × fasting glucose concentration (mmol/l) / 22.5 over 1 indicates insulin concentration. QUICKI (ang. quantitative insulin sensitivity index check) is therefore calculated on the basis: 1/ gluten concentration on gluten (gluten) or glucose (glucose) is replaced by glucose at the same time (mg/ml).8. Insulin resistance treatment
Insulin resistance can be treated pharmacologically with insulin-sensitive tissue medicines such as metformin, but it can reduce vitamin B12 levels, so it should be controlled in people taking this medicine. However, the most important thing in treating insulin resistance is a lifestyle change, including dietary therapy. If an insulin resistant person is obese, they should start treatment with weight loss.9. The insulin-resistant diet... right!
There are dozens of macronutrient-dependent diseases. These diseases are the result of improper nutrition and inadequate physical activity. In other words, they can be avoided if we take care of a healthy lifestyle. Among the most common are type II diabetes, obesity, hypertension, asthma, some cancers, inflammation, allergies. These are diseases that are increasingly associated with poor nutrition, and they also require dietary changes. This is the first step taken by specialists.
