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How to tell the difference between a child's caprice and a serious disorder
Table of Contents
1. What is ARFID?
ARFID is an eating disorder that is characterized by difficulties in consuming an adequate amount or variety of foods. The effects are malnutrition, nutritional deficiencies, and a negative impact on the daily functioning and physical and mental health of the person affected by the disorder. People with ArFID may avoid certain categories of foods because of their taste, smell, consistency, and even color. They usually prefer a very limited range of products, often specific brands, and attempts to make changes are usually strongly opposed.2. Risk factors
ARFID can be caused by a variety of factors, but its occurrence does not have to be associated with the development of the disorder. Specifically, people are at risk: on the autism spectrum, male; having close relatives suffering from any eating disorder, ?? experiencing social pressure related to eating (both from peers and family), experiencing traumatic events related to food, e.g. food cravings or sensory distress, being sensitive to anxiety disorders, being exposed to other stressful conditions, having a history of health problems related to allergies. Everyone is aware of the risks associated with RAFID (e.g., an increased risk of heart disease, etc.).3. The following information is provided for in the Annex to Regulation (EU) No 575/2013:
Symptoms of ARFID can vary both physically and mentally. People affected by this disorder have a very restricted diet, avoid certain textures, flavors or smells of food. They may have difficulty eating meals with other people, and attempts to introduce new foods to their diet can cause strong, negative reactions. Physical symptoms of ArFID may include weight loss, nutrient deficiency, chronic system problems, hormonal disorders, weakening of the body, lack of energy, hair loss, and other serious health complications.4. Diagnosis of the disease
ARFID diagnosis is a comprehensive process that involves the analysis of many aspects of a patient's health. Additionally, a physical assessment allows for a thorough examination of the health status of the patient by means of a clinical interview, which includes a detailed discussion of nutritional preferences, eating difficulties, physical and emotional symptoms, as well as other relevant information about daily functioning. In addition, physical assessment enables an accurate examination to take into account the measurement of body weight, the assessment of growth, and the observation of symptoms of malnutrition disorders.5. Treatment
ARFID treatment typically involves a multi-faceted approach that focuses primarily on psychotherapy but also on mitigating the effects of malnutrition. The most commonly used approach to this disorder is cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), which helps identify and change negative beliefs and thoughts about food, and develop healthier eating habits through gradual exposure to new foods. Another way is to use sensory therapy, which is designed to reduce hypersensitivity by gradually exposing patients to different structures, tastes, smells, and colors of food. In children with MFID, this therapy can also have a very large impact on the family's ability to adapt to the needs of other physiological and psychological disorders.6. Food support
In the case of ARFID, it is important to take into account a person's specific needs. Since the disorder is characterized by limited intake of a variety of foods due to negative sensory experiences or food-related fears, a balanced diet that delivers the necessary nutrients is necessary. A dietitian can help develop a dietary plan that takes into account the patient's preferred products. It is also important to regularly eat meals and encourage experimentation with new flavors and textures to gradually expand dietary approaches.7. This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union
There are several important steps that parents can take from the first few months of a child's life to prevent the development of ARFID.8. Education on healthy eating is crucial
Understanding that a child's nutritional diversity at an early age can have a significant impact on how he or she shapes his or her food preferences is very important. Using fresh produce and a variety of foods is equally important because every meal can be a new and exciting experience for a child.9. Stimulating a positive approach to eating
Creating a friendly atmosphere during meals, without forcing a child to eat certain foods, can contribute to healthy eating habits and positive associations with eating. It is also important that a child focus exclusively on food, without distractions such as watching television or playing with toys.10. Promoting a healthy approach to the body and self-acceptance
Children should be taught that each body is unique and beautiful, and that the value of a person does not depend on the outward appearance.11. Summary
ARFID is a serious problem that requires the attention and intervention of parents and professionals. Implementing appropriate prevention strategies and responding quickly to emerging difficulties can help minimize the risk of developing the disorder and improve the health and well-being of children.
