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Food programming what it is and how to implement it correctly
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1. Food programming and critical period
Nutritional programming is a process of shaping metabolism that takes place during the fetal and early childhood stages (the so-called critical period). It is a time of intense development of the baby when the organs and tissues mature, and the infant is particularly vulnerable to malnutrition. Deficiency or excess of a given component may determine the functioning of the body in the future. The risk of diseases developed during this period is difficult to reduce later, so early programming of nutrition is considered one of the most important elements in the prevention of diseases of civilization.2. Theories of food programming
As early as the 1980s, researchers identified a link between maternal malnutrition and low birth weight insulin phenotypes and an epidemic of cardiovascular disease that occurred 70 years later (D. J. Barker et al. 1989). Several hypotheses have been developed regarding the programming of nutritional deficiencies and the development of diseases in adulthood. The Barker hypothesis, developed by Thrifty Cat, speaks of the effect of maternal obesity on coronary disorders, which occurred over 70 years (DJ. Barcker et al., 1989). The body of the fetus adapts to the disadvantages of hunger, which may lead to a decrease in the weight of the brain at the expense of other organs, such as the body of a pregnant woman, and the growth of adulthood over 40 years.3. Feeding the mother during pregnancy
Proper nutrition during pregnancy has a very large impact on the health of both her and the developing baby. During pregnancy planning, it is important to prepare for and take care of proper body weight and both parents' health. In pregnancy, however, weight gain control is very important. This is usually done under the supervision of a doctor at each visit. Both mineral and vitamin deficiencies and excess calories should be avoided. Pregnant diets should consist mainly of fatty acids and be based on fruit, vegetables and vegetable products.4. The effects of breastfeeding
Breastfeeding is an element of nutritional programming and is the best possible prevention of breast-feeding. If there is such a possibility, it is preferable that milk is the only way for a baby to complete the feeding. 6 months of life. Then it should be continued as long as the mother and the baby want it. In one study, it was shown that among babies who were not breastfed or were weaned before milk was given 4. A month of life, finding out about the diet earlier than is recommended also increased the risk of a woman developing obesity by 6 times more than a woman at the age of 3 years old (S. Y. Huh, 2011).5. Food in early childhood
A healthy diet also means adequate, proportionate weight gains that should be monitored on the retina. Concerned changes should be discussed with a pediatrician, as maintaining proper nutrition in early childhood can help to protect their future health. It is important to remember that a healthy diet is important for parents to decide what to eat from the start, but it is also important for a child to decide whether to eat full-fat omega-3 fatty acids and whether to consume healthy dietary foods from healthy adults to healthy adults.
