Food programming what it is and how to implement it correctly

1. Food programming and critical period

2. Theories of food programming

3. Feeding the mother during pregnancy

4. The effects of breastfeeding

5. Food in early childhood

1. Food programming and critical period

Deficiency or excess of a component may determine the functioning of the body in the future. The long-term effects of appropriate programming are to reduce the likelihood of cardiovascular disease, obesity, cancer or diabetes, and the proper development of the nervous and bone systems. This is a time of intense development in the child when the organs and tissues mature and the child is particularly vulnerable to malnutrition.

2. Theories of food programming

Barker et al. 1989) and Barker's Thrifty Phenotype hypothesis (B.T.T.) refer to the effect of maternal malnutrition on abdominal, kidney, and heart disorders. Subsequent studies have shown that children with low birth weight have fewer nephrons (building units of the kidneys) than newborns with normal body weight (T.C.T., fetal fat loss) and that they have less glucose in their maternal and fetal body cells, so that their ability to eat after pregnancy may be increased by weight loss after pregnancy, such as in adulthood and later in life. For example, in the late 1990s and early 1990s, there was an increase in the risk of obesity among pregnant women and children in the early 2000s.

3. Feeding the mother during pregnancy

In pregnancy, however, it is very important to control body weight gains Even with a healthy and varied diet, it should be remembered that supplementation is usually done under the supervision of a doctor at each visit. Pregnant diets should consist mostly of low-processed foods and be based on multicellular fruits, vegetables and cereals. Limitation of salt, sugar and animal fats should be observed. Even with healthy and dietary supplementation should be kept in mind. Zimmer et al. 2020). It is not worth taking a multivitamin during this period.

4. The effects of breastfeeding

Then it should be continued for as long as the mother and the baby want. Huh et al. 2011).Female milk feeding reduces the risk of obesity, obesity and diabetes later in life, as well as disease in some cancers.The longer breastfeeding, the greater the resulting obesity.In breast milk, the proportions of ingredients are optimal, and breastfed children best eat according to their appetite, which reduces their chances of becoming obese later.The factor that may increase the risk for obesity in later life, the higher the protein intake of a woman's body than in her first year of life.

5. Food in early childhood

A worrying change should be consulted with a paediatrician, as maintaining a healthy dietary weight in early childhood can help to take care of your health in the future. After-meal meals should have a high nutritional density, i.e. provide as many nutrients as possible in the recommended number of calories. Healthy fats are an integral part of the diet of babies and young children. They can be provided with adequate fat intake for products such as vegetable oils, butter, meats or vegetables.