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Differences in diet by sex
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1. Points common to men and women's diets
Protein for a healthy non-athlete should be supplied in quantities of about 1 g/kg of body weight, regardless of gender. Carbohydrates should provide about 50% of daily energy needs, fat 3035%. This article will present the basic differences in the recommendations on the daily intake of nutrients by sex. It is worth adding that in recent years more and more publications have been published on the differences between the body of a woman and the male body in response to certain dietary ingredients, their absorption mechanisms from the digestive tract, as well as the different predisposition to certain metabolic disorders.2. Recommended intake key differences
According to the Food Standards for the Polish population of 2017, the need for 3 particularly important elements is different for women and men.3. It's calcium
Women are more at risk of osteoporosis due to their lower skeletal mass and lower bone mineral density. Bone density decreases with age regardless of gender, but definitely more in women, especially after menopause, which is the result of a decrease in estrogen levels. In Poland calcium intake is too low.4. The iron
The recommended daily iron intake for men and women is 10 mg and 18 mg respectively. Women need almost twice as much iron for menstrual bleeding. Iron demand after menopause drops to 10 mg. M. Levi et al. examined what is most commonly associated with iron deficiency anemia in women and men in the European population.5. Cinnamon
Zinc is important for male fertility. Its concentration in sperm correlates with sperm count and proper morphology. As demonstrated by the analysis of M. Irani and others, folic acid and zinc supplementation has improved sperm quality in men with infertility disorders. This protein is a component of many proteins, including those involved in spermatogenesis.6. Vitamin D effects of supplementation depending on the sex
Interesting are the results of N. Sharifi and others. They indicate a different response of women's and men's bodies to vitamin D supplementation. However, the authors suggest a potential cause of low calcium intake. People with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease received 50,000 IU of vitamin D for 14 days. In women, total cholesterol and LDL fraction levels decreased. In men, reversed cholesterol levels increased.7. Gender and metabolic disorders
Estrogens appear to have a protective effect against carbohydrate disorders in the world, but women are more likely to develop diabetes, which indirectly indicates a higher risk of developing diabetes in postmenopausal women. Fatty tissue is deposited in the subcutaneous tissue, especially in the periphery of the skin. According to Dr. B. Tramunt and colleagues, these differences explain a paradox. Among obese people worldwide, women are predominant, but among people with diabetes, the suspect is a man.8. Psychology of the diet
Because of the physiological conditioning, and above all the cultural factors, women and men have different approaches to nutrition, there is also a different perception of their own body. In the work of I. Kiefer and others, conclusions were presented based on studies of these differences. The topic of nutrition is more likely to be of interest to women. They have more knowledge and are also more inclined to lose weight. The average man has a more hedonistic approach to diet. This study was published in 2005.9. Reducing diets
The body, depending on the sex, may respond differently to rapid weight loss. However, according to the results of a multi-centre study by P. Christensen et al. involving obese and pre-diabetic women and men, each of them was more likely to lose calories. All of them were subjected to the Cambridge Weight Plan for 8 weeks. The study included powdered products (e.g. soups, sauces, etc.) whose total daily calorie loss was 810 calories per day.
