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Diet and supplementation during pregnancy effects of nutrition on the health of the baby
Table of Contents
1. Supplementation during pregnancy
However, the Polish Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (PTGiP) adheres to routine iron supplementation by pregnant women, whereas in pregnant women it is up to 27 mg per day. Iron is the most common cause of anemia in pregnancy due to deficiency of this element. Anemia can be diagnosed if the hemoglobin level is below 11 mg/dl. However, iron is involved in the formation of blood relatives, which may increase the risk of developing diabetes mellitus.2. DHA
Lipids make up 60% of the dry central nervous system. It is particularly important as a component of cell membranes. It affects the flexibility of neurons, is essential in the diet, ensures the proper development of the baby's brain.3. Vitamin D and its salts
Vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy may reduce the risk of developing gestational diabetes, low birth weight and precancerous conditions. Pregnant women are advised to take vitamin D supplements of 15002000 IU per day.4. Iodine
The need for iodine during pregnancy increases by almost 50%. For a non-pregnant woman it is 150 μg per day, whereas for a pregnant woman 220 μg. An adequate intake is extremely important as its significant deficiencies can lead to serious consequences such as insufficiency of the thyroid, damage to the OUN in the baby, hearing loss. It is estimated that at least 50% of pregnant women in Poland may be deficient in this element.5. Folic acid
Folic acid deficiency may lead to anaemia, increase the risk of miscarriages and neural tube defects. Therefore, it is recommended that women of procreative age eat a diet high in folic acid and supplement it with supplements or fortified foods (additional 0.4 mg folics per day). During pregnancy, the following doses are recommended: I trimester (up to 12 weeks) 0.4 8.0 mg folio acid per day; II trimester 6.0 8 folic acids per day. In women with a history of developing a celiac disease, the use of a higher dose of folics may be recommended.6. Calorie intake during pregnancy
In pregnancy due to fetal development, the demand for energy increases. The recommendations for increasing energy in the diet have changed in 2020. In the latest nutritional norms for the Polish population, it is recommended to increase calorie intake already in the first trimester of pregnancy. Even in 2017, such a recommendation was only valid in the second trimester. The recommended increased calorie consumption at individual stages of pregnancy: I three calories: +85 kcal, II three trimester: +285 kcal. III trimester for the population of Poland: +475 kcal. In the first three months of pregnancy, it has been suggested that a relatively low body weight intake during pregnancy is preferred. A pregnant woman with a weight of 85 kcal can increase her body weight due to weight loss due to obesity.7. Nutrients in the diet
It is an extremely important ingredient especially during pregnancy. A lack of protein in the diet can result in low birth weight, low heart mass and abnormal blood pressure in the baby. Full protein is of animal origin, but in vegan and vegetarian diets all the essential amino acids can be supplied by including in the menu different sources of protein.8. It's the fat
Fats are important mainly because of their DHA and EPA content. They are mainly found in fish, so even if you supplement with them, it is recommended that you eat at least two servings of fatty fish a week. As with any balanced diet, you should include vegetable oils, especially in raw form, such as a salad additive.9. It's carbohydrates
It's the foundation of any healthy diet, and pregnant women are advised to choose as few processed carbohydrates as possible, such as whole-grain bread, pasta, flour, various types of cassava, and cereal flakes.10. Vitamins and minerals
Only a varied diet can meet the demand for all the essential ingredients. As mentioned earlier, certain ingredients play a significant role in fertile life including iron, calcium, iodine. Therefore, special attention should be paid to their intake with food.11. The iron
: its food sources are: pork liver, red meat, nuts, cocoa, barley, beans, peas, lentils.: it should be supplemented, but this does not mean that it may be lacking in a well-balanced diet. To provide iodine, include fish, broccoli, spinach, eggs, walnuts.12. Why is proper nutrition so important during pregnancy?
Nutrition programming is a process in which the nutrients to which the child is exposed in the mother's womb modulate the morphological changes and functions of his or her organs and systems. Nutritional programming can be an important factor affecting the risk of numerous diseases such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, allergies. For example, C. N. Hsu, Y. L. Tain show that a diet high in fat or low in protein can be linked to the occurrence of nutrient deficiencies in the body and can lead to the breakdown of nutrients.
