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Am I condemned to being overweight? Obesity as a genetic disease
Table of Contents
1. The definition of obesity
Wąsowska, M. Marcinowska-Sukowierska 2013). Obesity is a disease in which excess body fat is deposited in the body. Walicka, E. Due to the location of the fat tissue, obesity can be divided into abdominal (android) and anal (gynodal) fat. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), obesity is considered to be a condition in which excessive and/or incorrect accumulation of fat is observed, which can result in many disorders of the body (M.2. Obesity among Poles
According to the report, one in five Poles consumes fast food several times a month (18%), and one in four has observed a particular increase in body weight in the last 3 months. Inadequate diet and energy balance, which are caused by consuming too many calories in relation to the body's needs, is a major cause of overweight. However, it is noted that 10% of Poles are at risk of eating too many daily calories compared to body weight requirements. The report suggests that fast food can also increase their body weight by 34% if they are overweight or overweight (20% of Polish men and 28% of women, for example, eat too much sugar and drink too much salt in a healthy diet, which can also reduce their weight and weight by up to 47% of men and women, as well as by reducing their dietary intake of fat, fat, weight and body weight.3. Obesity and genetic factors
If both parents are struggling with obesity, the risk increases by up to 13 times. A very important aspect is eating habits that are shaped from an early age. They depend on what food is eaten at home, how the child spends his free time, and they are the role models for children (M. Walick, E. Still, you can find the belief that excess body weight is only related to environmental factors, but over the course of many years, there has been research that has also indicated its influence on genetic factors.4. It's monogenic obesity
So far, about 11 genes have been described whose mutations may contribute to weight gain (including those responsible for encoding proteins that can directly and indirectly affect the development of obesity. Męczekalski, A. Warenik-Szymankiewicz 2008). The most common is giant obesity (Grade III), which can occur even in childhood. BDP, LEPR, POMC, CPE, or CNF).5. It's polygenic obesity
The best known polymorphism is a change in the FTO gene, a so-called obesity gene located on chromosome 16. Over the years, many studies have confirmed a link between the rs9939609 polymerase and body mass (V.V. This type of obesity is not the result of specific mutations, but of polymors, or changes in the DNA sequence that affect the function of proteins.6. Obesity of the group (syndromic)
It is caused by a mutation in a specific gene, but most often involves changes within more than one gene. Huvenne 2016). Thaker 2017). So far the best known syndromic obesity syndromes are Prader-Willi, Bardet-Biedl and Cohen, but obesity is currently associated with more than 100 groups (H. Group obesity means the presence of obesity with other disorders, e.g. with intellectual disability or developmental disabilities of organs and systems (V.V.).7. The obesity test
In addition, if there are other serious disorders such as intellectual disability, such an interview can be an indication that obesity is not a syndrome. There are many specialized sites on the market that offer studies on so-called obesity genes, but it should be borne in mind that the results must be consulted with a specialist (K. Lacsmanski, G. Research on the genetic basis of excess body weight can actually be done at any age because the human genome does not change over the years.8. It's an anti-obesity drug
One way to prevent overweight or obesity is to eat rationally, and it's very important to get the right calorie intake during the day, which needs to be tailored to your gender, age, height, weight, and physical activity.9. Eat meals regularly
It is recommended to eat 45 meals a day, with intervals not exceeding 34 hours. Following the rules of a healthy diet will greatly reduce the risk of weight gain, so you should:10. Treat fruits and vegetables as the basis of your diet
In addition, they are a source of dietary fiber, which provides a feeling of satiety; it is best to choose the colorful ones that will provide many vitamins and minerals.11. Consume whole grain products
Whole-grain products contain higher levels of nutrients, vitamins and dietary fiber; choosing baked wheat, brown rice, coarse meal and whole grain pasta would be better than reaching for food from refined grains (wheat flour, cassava flour or white rice).12. Replace red meat with lean meat or pulses
Seeds of pulses and fish will also be a good substitute. Whole-fat products are a source not only of more fat but also of more calories. Red meat has a higher fat content, which can increase the risk of becoming overweight; milk and low-fat dairy products should be chosen.13. Avoid high-processed products
Fast food, sweet cereals, fruit yogurt, but also snacks such as chips and sweets, which are high in sugar, salt and high in calories, should not be included in the menu.14. Abstain from colored soft drinks
They should be substituted for water, especially medium and highly mineralized; they are not only a source of high amounts of sugar, but in most cases have no nutritional value.15. Take care of your physical activity
Moderate daily exercise is recommended, which should be tailored to the individual's ability. It should be emphasized that the presence of polymorphisms and mutations is not an excuse for improper diet and lifestyle. Actions that reduce the risk of weight gain are very important. It will help maintain physical fitness but will also help normalize body weight. Despite the inheritance of genes that promote the development of obesity, there is no blame for overweight.
